| Title | A Comparative study of the theory of dual reality from the perspective of Averroes, followers of Averroes and the church of the thirteenth century |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Persian |
| Date | 2015 |
| Journal | Comparative Theology |
| Volume | 5 |
| Issue | 12 |
| Pages | 69-84 |
| Categories | Epistemology, Averroism, Theology, Metaphysics |
| Author(s) | Ali Ghorbani , Fath ali Akbari |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| In the thirteenth century, along with the return of the European thinkers and philosophers to Aristotelian philosophy and the emergence of the contradiction between Aristotle's philosophy and Christian teachings and religious beliefs, the church put forward a theory known as dual reality. According to this theory everything that is true in theology, its opposite can also be true in philosophy. With this theory, the church accused the philosophers of heresy, while the followers of Averroes considered themselves free of this charge. In his book Faṣl al-maqāl, Averroes appeared to be in favor of the above mentioned theory in a different form. By a precise analysis of the theory through reviewing the now available sources and considering the events followed by attributing this view to the philosophers, one can infer different implications from the theory from the perspective of each of the three sides involved (i.e. Averroes, followers of Averroes and church) and the following division can be sketched: 1- ontological implications: that is to believe in the existence of two types of realities in the universe which can be described in two ways: A) two contradictory scopes in the universe B) two distinct scopes in the universe. 2- Epistemological implications of the dual reality: A) Two ways to reach one reality. B) Two dictions to narrate one reality. C) Duality of the reality in practice. D) Two levels of one single reality. By analyzing each of these implications of the dual reality, one can be led to some consequences according to which based on different works of Averroes he cannot be accused of believing in a kind of duality which makes him deserve heresy. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5579","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5579,"authors_free":[{"id":6476,"entry_id":5579,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Ali Ghorbani","free_first_name":"Ali ","free_last_name":"Ghorbani","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}},{"id":6477,"entry_id":5579,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Fath ali Akbari","free_first_name":"Fath ali ","free_last_name":"Akbari","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"A Comparative study of the theory of dual reality from the perspective of Averroes, followers of Averroes and the church of the thirteenth century","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"A Comparative study of the theory of dual reality from the perspective of Averroes, followers of Averroes and the church of the thirteenth century"},"abstract":"In the thirteenth century, along with the return of the European thinkers and philosophers to Aristotelian philosophy and the emergence of the contradiction between Aristotle's philosophy and Christian teachings and religious beliefs, the church put forward a theory known as dual reality. According to this theory everything that is true in theology, its opposite can also be true in philosophy. With this theory, the church accused the philosophers of heresy, while the followers of Averroes considered themselves free of this charge. In his book Fa\u1e63l al-maq\u0101l, Averroes appeared to be in favor of the above mentioned theory in a different form. By a precise analysis of the theory through reviewing the now available sources and considering the events followed by attributing this view to the philosophers, one can infer different implications from the theory from the perspective of each of the three sides involved (i.e. Averroes, followers of Averroes and church) and the following division can be sketched: 1- ontological implications: that is to believe in the existence of two types of realities in the universe which can be described in two ways: A) two contradictory scopes in the universe B) two distinct scopes in the universe. 2- Epistemological implications of the dual reality: A) Two ways to reach one reality. B) Two dictions to narrate one reality. C) Duality of the reality in practice. D) Two levels of one single reality. By analyzing each of these implications of the dual reality, one can be led to some consequences according to which based on different works of Averroes he cannot be accused of believing in a kind of duality which makes him deserve heresy.","btype":3,"date":"2015","language":"Persian","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":73,"category_name":"Epistemology","link":"bib?categories[]=Epistemology"},{"id":1,"category_name":"Averroism","link":"bib?categories[]=Averroism"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"},{"id":31,"category_name":"Metaphysics","link":"bib?categories[]=Metaphysics"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1},{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5579,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Comparative Theology","volume":"5","issue":"12","pages":"69-84"}},"sort":[2015]}
| Title | Rational Explanation of the Relationship between the Material Intellect and the Active Intellect from the Perspective of Averroes |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2015 |
| Journal | International Journal of Islamic Thought |
| Volume | 8 |
| Pages | 13-16 |
| Categories | Intellect, Psychology, Aristotle |
| Author(s) | Davoud Zandi |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The relationship between the material intellect and the active intellect from Averroes’ perspective is an important and yet complicated part of his philosophy. His views on these issues are ambiguous since they are derived from the Aristotle’s theories which seem obscure in this regard. The aim of the present study is to discover Averroes’ final theory on the relationship between the material intellect and the active intellect and their connection to human soul. Reviewing various theories of Averroes on this issue, this study shows that despite ambiguity in his explanations, his final theory is that he believes these two intellects exist apart from human soul. Considering the relationship between the material intellect and the active intellect, he believes that in some aspects both of them are the same, yet they are different in some other aspects that is, regarding their acts, they are different because the active intellect acts as a creator of forms while the material intellect is just a receiver of the forms. Nevertheless, they are the same, since the material intellect achieves perfection through the active intellect |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5575","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5575,"authors_free":[{"id":6469,"entry_id":5575,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Davoud Zandi","free_first_name":"Davoud ","free_last_name":"Zandi","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"Rational Explanation of the Relationship between the Material Intellect and the Active Intellect from the Perspective of Averroes","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Rational Explanation of the Relationship between the Material Intellect and the Active Intellect from the Perspective of Averroes"},"abstract":"The relationship between the material intellect and the active intellect from \r\nAverroes\u2019 perspective is an important and yet complicated part of his philosophy. \r\nHis views on these issues are ambiguous since they are derived from the Aristotle\u2019s \r\ntheories which seem obscure in this regard. The aim of the present study is to \r\ndiscover Averroes\u2019 final theory on the relationship between the material intellect \r\nand the active intellect and their connection to human soul. Reviewing various \r\ntheories of Averroes on this issue, this study shows that despite ambiguity in his \r\nexplanations, his final theory is that he believes these two intellects exist apart from \r\nhuman soul. Considering the relationship between the material intellect and the \r\nactive intellect, he believes that in some aspects both of them are the same, yet they \r\nare different in some other aspects that is, regarding their acts, they are different \r\nbecause the active intellect acts as a creator of forms while the material intellect is \r\njust a receiver of the forms. Nevertheless, they are the same, since the material \r\nintellect achieves perfection through the active intellect","btype":3,"date":"2015","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":75,"category_name":"Intellect","link":"bib?categories[]=Intellect"},{"id":12,"category_name":"Psychology","link":"bib?categories[]=Psychology"},{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5575,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"International Journal of Islamic Thought","volume":"8","issue":"","pages":"13-16"}},"sort":[2015]}
| Title | Critical approach of Averroes about the use of reason and its Presence in the western philosophical thinking |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2014 |
| Journal | Philosophical Investigations |
| Volume | 8 |
| Issue | 15 |
| Pages | 167-181 |
| Categories | Influence |
| Author(s) | Sajjad Yousefi |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Averroes’ Rationalism is one of the influential components of the Western philosophy. One of the central aspects of his rationalism is his criticism of the limits of using the reason. This study has been reviewed the deep of this criticism and its presence in the philosophical thought of the West. The research method, on the one hand, is analyzing the content and the genealogy of the issue on the other hand. Here I try to clarify the Islamic and Western philosophy relationship in this case, and the interactions between both approaches |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5585","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5585,"authors_free":[{"id":6483,"entry_id":5585,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Sajjad Yousefi","free_first_name":"Sajjad ","free_last_name":"Yousefi","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"Critical approach of Averroes about the use of reason and its Presence in the western philosophical thinking","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Critical approach of Averroes about the use of reason and its Presence in the western philosophical thinking"},"abstract":"Averroes\u2019 Rationalism is one of the influential components of the Western philosophy. One of the central aspects of his rationalism is his criticism of the limits of using the reason. This study has been reviewed the deep of this criticism and its presence in the philosophical thought of the West. The research method, on the one hand, is analyzing the content and the genealogy of the issue on the other hand. Here I try to clarify the Islamic and Western philosophy relationship in this case, and the interactions between both approaches","btype":3,"date":"2014","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":24,"category_name":"Influence","link":"bib?categories[]=Influence"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5585,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Philosophical Investigations","volume":"8","issue":"15","pages":"167-181"}},"sort":[2014]}
| Title | Ibn Rushd on reconciliation: between philosophy and religion |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2006 |
| Journal | Aligarh journal of Islamic philosophy |
| Volume | 12 |
| Pages | 13-30 |
| Categories | Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Theology |
| Author(s) | Khawaja Muhammad Saeed |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5555","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5555,"authors_free":[{"id":6449,"entry_id":5555,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Khawaja Muhammad Saeed","free_first_name":"Khawaja","free_last_name":"Muhammad Saeed","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"Ibn Rushd on reconciliation: between philosophy and religion","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Ibn Rushd on reconciliation: between philosophy and religion"},"abstract":"","btype":3,"date":"2006","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":47,"category_name":"Relation between Philosophy and Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Relation between Philosophy and Theology"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5555,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Aligarh journal of Islamic philosophy","volume":"12","issue":"","pages":"13-30"}},"sort":[2006]}
| Title | Towards a New Methodology for Natural Philosophy: Latin Averroism Revisited |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2021 |
| Journal | Mediterranea |
| Volume | 6 |
| Pages | 131–155 |
| Categories | Averroism, Siger of Brabant, Boethius, Thomas |
| Author(s) | Pilar Herráiz Oliva |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The reception of Aristotelian philosophy with Averroes’s commentaries in the thirteenth-century Latin world promoted a new way of understanding natural philosophy and its method. A very special case among the readers of such commentaries, mostly found at the Faculty of Arts of the University of Paris, are the so-called averroistae. What these averroistae actually were is still a matter of discussion in current scholarship, whereas there is kind of consensus regarding the main exponents of this philosophical movement, namely Siger of Brabant and Boethius of Dacia. The aim of this paper is to shed light on this topic by providing a re-definition of Averroism in the 13th century. To do this, I will analyse some of the most important works of the aforementioned authors in an attempt to clarify the specificity of their philosophical program. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5009","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5009,"authors_free":[{"id":5746,"entry_id":5009,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Pilar Herr\u00e1iz Oliva","free_first_name":"Pilar","free_last_name":"Herr\u00e1iz Oliva","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"Towards a New Methodology for Natural Philosophy: Latin Averroism Revisited","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Towards a New Methodology for Natural Philosophy: Latin Averroism Revisited"},"abstract":"The reception of Aristotelian philosophy with Averroes\u2019s commentaries in the thirteenth-century Latin world promoted a new way of understanding natural philosophy and its method. A very special case among the readers of such commentaries, mostly found at the Faculty of Arts of the University of Paris, are the so-called averroistae. What these averroistae actually were is still a matter of discussion in current scholarship, whereas there is kind of consensus regarding the main exponents of this philosophical movement, namely Siger of Brabant and Boethius of Dacia. The aim of this paper is to shed light on this topic by providing a re-definition of Averroism in the 13th century. To do this, I will analyse some of the most important works of the aforementioned authors in an attempt to clarify the specificity of their philosophical program.","btype":3,"date":"2021","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21071\/mijtk.v6i.12947 ","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":1,"category_name":"Averroism","link":"bib?categories[]=Averroism"},{"id":57,"category_name":"Siger of Brabant","link":"bib?categories[]=Siger of Brabant"},{"id":55,"category_name":"Boethius","link":"bib?categories[]=Boethius"},{"id":51,"category_name":"Thomas","link":"bib?categories[]=Thomas"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5009,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Mediterranea","volume":"6","issue":"","pages":"131\u2013155"}},"sort":["Towards a New Methodology for Natural Philosophy: Latin Averroism Revisited"]}
| Title | İbn Rüşd'de Bilimsel Kanıtlama Yöntemi |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Turkish |
| Date | 2020 |
| Journal | Igdir University Journal of Social Sciences |
| Volume | 23 |
| Pages | 27-86 |
| Categories | Logic, Commentary |
| Author(s) | Haci Kaya |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Averroes wrote small, medium, and magnum commentaries on the Posterior Analytics, which is translated and commented many times until the 12th century, and also originated in original studies. Averroes has established the demonstration once again with his medium and magnum commentaries that are named Talkhis al-Burhan and Sharh al-Burhan/Tafsir al-Burhan, which have been largely successful in reflecting the authenticity of the Posterior Analytics, by placing the demonstration at the center of both his philosophical system and Islamic philosophy. The demonstration, in five arts which are an art encompassing human knowledge types and a method of obtaining these types of knowledge, refers to a method of scientific demonstration that builds the theoretical framework of definitive scientific knowledge. This scientific demonstrative method, which Averroes put at the center of his philosophical system and Islamic philosophy, corresponds to a scientific method that can be called “the inductive-deductive method” based on induction. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5561","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5561,"authors_free":[{"id":6455,"entry_id":5561,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Haci Kaya","free_first_name":"Haci","free_last_name":"Kaya","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"\u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd'de Bilimsel Kan\u0131tlama Y\u00f6ntemi","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"\u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd'de Bilimsel Kan\u0131tlama Y\u00f6ntemi"},"abstract":"Averroes wrote small, medium, and magnum commentaries on the Posterior Analytics, which is translated and commented many times until the 12th century, and also originated in original studies. Averroes has established the demon\u0002stration once again with his medium and magnum commen\u0002taries that are named Talkhis al-Burhan and Sharh al-Burhan\/Tafsir al-Burhan, which have been largely successful in reflecting \r\nthe authenticity of the Posterior Analytics, by placing the demon\u0002stration at the center of both his philosophical system and Is\u0002lamic philosophy. The demonstration, in five arts which are an art encompassing human knowledge types and a method of ob\u0002taining these types of knowledge, refers to a method of scien\u0002tific demonstration that builds the theoretical framework of de\u0002finitive scientific knowledge. This scientific demonstrative \r\nmethod, which Averroes put at the center of his philosophical system and Islamic philosophy, corresponds to a scientific method that can be called \u201cthe inductive-deductive method\u201d based on induction. ","btype":3,"date":"2020","language":"Turkish","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":27,"category_name":"Logic","link":"bib?categories[]=Logic"},{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5561,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Igdir University Journal of Social Sciences","volume":"23","issue":"","pages":"27-86"}},"sort":["\u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd'de Bilimsel Kan\u0131tlama Y\u00f6ntemi"]}
| Today, the basis of much political corruption can be mentioned in the presence of political morality that is built on political practices free from virtues. According to Averroes, the ethics of political morality/politics ethic provide with hegemonic power. İn the sense of overcoming this, he emphasizes on moral -based policy that takes virtues as its own origin of reference. Averroes, who takes Greek experience in the relation of morality- politics into account, gives extra weight to politics and morality relations in the building period of constitutive politics in İslamic world. As a condition of the sustenance of İslamic world in the political arena, he showed original arche/ metaphysics that refers to the virtues which should be in every area of the life. The understanding of politics and morality that is manifested in Averroes, also express the consciousness of reviving of objective political culture. Bugün birçok siyasal yozlaşmanın temelinde erdemlerden bağımsız siyasal pratikler üzerine inşa edilen bir siyasal ahlakın varlığında söz edilebilir. İbn Rüşd' göre siyasal ahlak / siyasetin ahlakı hegemonik güç sağlar. Bunun aşılması olarak erdemleri kendine referans alan ahlak temeli bir siyasete vurgu yapmaktadır. Siyaset-ahlak ilişkisinde Grek dünyasının siyaset tecrübesini dikkate alan İbn Rüşd İslam dünyasında kurucu siyasetin inşa edilmeye çalışıldığı bir dönemde siyaset ve ahlak ilişkisine daha da önem vermiştir. İslam dünyasının siyasi arenada var olmasının şartı olarak; hayatın her alanında var olması gereken erdemleri referans alan asli arche'ye/metafiziği göstermiştir. İbn Rüşd'ün de ortaya konulan siyaset ve ahlak anlayışı aynı zamanda nesnel bir siyasi kültürün dirilmesinin derin bir bilincini ifade etmektedir. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5584","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5584,"authors_free":[{"id":6482,"entry_id":5584,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Mirpen\u00e7 A\u015fkit","free_first_name":"Mirpen\u00e7 ","free_last_name":"A\u015fkit","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"\u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd'de Siyaset ve Ahlak \u0130li\u015fkis","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"\u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd'de Siyaset ve Ahlak \u0130li\u015fkis"},"abstract":"Today, the basis of much political corruption can be mentioned in the presence of political morality that is built on political practices free from virtues. According to Averroes, the ethics of political morality\/politics ethic provide with hegemonic power. \u0130n the sense of overcoming this, he emphasizes on moral -based policy that takes virtues as its own origin of reference. Averroes, who takes Greek experience in the relation of morality- politics into account, gives extra weight to politics and morality relations in the building period of constitutive politics in \u0130slamic world. As a condition of the sustenance of \u0130slamic world in the political arena, he showed original arche\/ metaphysics that refers to the virtues which should be in every area of the life. The understanding of politics and morality that is manifested in Averroes, also express the consciousness of reviving of objective political culture. \r\n\r\nBug\u00fcn bir\u00e7ok siyasal yozla\u015fman\u0131n temelinde erdemlerden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z siyasal pratikler \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilen bir siyasal ahlak\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u00f6z edilebilir. \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd' g\u00f6re siyasal ahlak \/ siyasetin ahlak\u0131 hegemonik g\u00fc\u00e7 sa\u011flar. Bunun a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 olarak erdemleri kendine referans alan ahlak temeli bir siyasete vurgu yapmaktad\u0131r. Siyaset-ahlak ili\u015fkisinde Grek d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n siyaset tecr\u00fcbesini dikkate alan \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda kurucu siyasetin in\u015fa edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde siyaset ve ahlak ili\u015fkisine daha da \u00f6nem vermi\u015ftir. \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n siyasi arenada var olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u015fart\u0131 olarak; hayat\u0131n her alan\u0131nda var olmas\u0131 gereken erdemleri referans alan asli arche'ye\/metafizi\u011fi g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd'\u00fcn de ortaya konulan siyaset ve ahlak anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda nesnel bir siyasi k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn dirilmesinin derin bir bilincini ifade etmektedir.","btype":3,"date":"2018","language":"Turkish","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":22,"category_name":"Ethics","link":"bib?categories[]=Ethics"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5584,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Igdir University Journal of Social Sciences","volume":"16","issue":"","pages":"47-65"}},"sort":["\u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd'de Siyaset ve Ahlak \u0130li\u015fkis"]}
| Title | İbn Rüşd’ün Tanrı’ya cevher demesinin neden ve sonuçları |
| Translation | The reasons for and the consequences of Averroes’ saying essence to God |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Turkish |
| Date | 2021 |
| Journal | Turkish Academic Research Review |
| Volume | 6 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 1035-1052 |
| Categories | Metaphysics, Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Cosmology |
| Author(s) | Fevzi Yiğit |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Bu makalede, İbn Rüşd’ün Tanrı’ya cevher demesinin görece neden ve sonuçları konu edilmektedir. Böylece İbn Rüşd örneğinden hareketle, filozofların Tanrı telakkilerinin aslında metafiziğin konusuyla doğrudan bağlantılı olduğu gösterilmek istenmektedir. Makalede bilkuvve-bilfiil, cevher-araz, varlık-mâhiyet, madde-sûret ve teşkîk gibi güçlü felsefî ayrımlara ihtiyaç duyuldukça başvurulacaktır. İbn Rüşd’e göre mevcut/var olan araştırması temelde bir cevher araştırmasıdır. Mevcut kavramı cevherin üstünde yer alan daha üst bir varlık seviyesini temsil etmese de kapsamının genişliği yüzünden cevherden daha üst bir kavramdır. Oysaki İbn Sînâ’ya göre mevcut, cevherden daha üst bir varlık seviyesini karşılar ve bu yüzden mevcut araştırması sadece cevher araştırmasına hasredilemez. Dolayısıyla ona göre metafiziğin konusu cevher olması açısından cevher değildir. İbn Rüşd’ün Tanrı’ya cevher demesinin muhtemel nedenleri şunlardır: Birincisi, Tanrı bütün mevcudat içerisinde cevher tanımına en uygun olandır. İkincisi onun mevcut kavramını -diğer anlamlarını akılda tutmak kaydıyla- dış dünyada gerçekliği olmayan zihinsel bir kavram yani cins olarak kabul etmesi dolayısıyla sadece cevhere gerçeklik tanımış olmasıdır. Üçüncüsü, göksel cisimlerin sonsuz bir biçimde hareket ettiği düşüncesidir. Dördüncüsü tümeller ve ayrık mevcutlar ile hissedilir ferdi cevherler arasındaki ilişkiye dair görüşüdür. İbn Rüşd Aristoteles’i takiben tümellerin ve ideaların ferdi cevherlerin varoluşunda katkısı olmadığını düşünür. İbn Rüşd’ün Tanrı’ya cevher demesinin muhtemel sonuçlarıysa şunlardır: Birincisi onun din felsefe ilişkisine dair yazdığı Faslü’l-makâl ve el-Keşf an menâhicü’ledille kitaplarında Tanrı hakkında takındığı Hanbeli tavırdır. İkincisi aslında yukarıda sebep olarak zikredilen burada ise sonuç olarak dile getirilebilecek döngüsel bir şeydir. Yani gök cisimleri ve âlemi ezeli olarak kabul etmek Tanrı’ya cevher denmesine sebep olurken Tanrı’ya cevher denmesi de âlemin Tanrı’nın etkisiyle ancak O’ndan ayrı ve kopuk olarak mevcut olması fikrini sonuç vermektedir. Üçüncüsü sudûr ve yoktan yaratma doktrinlerini reddetmesidir. Yoktan yaratmayı reddi ise -antik filozofların da açıkça dile getirdiği üzere- “salt yokluğun varlığın kaynağı olamayacağı “şeklindeki genel bir ontolojik ilkeye dayanmaktadır. This article deals with the relative reasons and consequences of Averroes’ saying God the essence. Thus, based on the example of Averroes, it is desired to show that the philosophers’ conception of God is actually directly related to the subject of metaphysics. The distinctions between potential and actual, being-essence and matter-form, which are thought to have strong forms of explanation, will be applied when needed. According to Averroes, his research of being is basically an investigation of essence. Although the concept of being/existence does not represent a higher level of being above the substance, it takes place in metaphysics as a higher concept with different meanings. However, according to Ibn Avicenna, the existing meets a higher level of being than the substance, and therefore its inquiry cannot be only the one for substance. Therefore, according to him, the subject of metaphysics is not a substance qua substance. In short, the possible reasons for Averroes to call God essence are as follows: First, God is the most suitable for the definition of essence in all existence. The second is that, keeping other meanings of being in mind, he accepted the concept of “mawjūd” as a mental concept that has no reality in the external world, that is, as a genus, and therefore only recognized the substance as reality. The third is the idea that the celestial bodies move endlessly. The fourth is his view on the relationship between universals and discrete entities and tangible individual essences. Following Aristotle, Averroes thinks that universals and ideas do not contribute to the existence of individual essences. The possible consequences of Averroes’ calling God a substance are as follows: The first is his Hanbalī attitude towards God in his books Fasl al-maqāl and al-Kashf an manāhij al-adilla, which he wrote on the relationship between religion and philosophy. Secondly, what was mentioned above as a cause, is a cyclical thing that can be expressed as a result here. In other words, while accepting the celestial bodies and the universe as eternal, causes God to be called essence, calling God essence results in the idea that the universe exists only apart and disconnected from him under the influence of God. The third is his rejection of the doctrines of creation out of nothing and sudūr (emanation). The refusal to create out of nothing is based on a general ontological principle -as the ancient philosophers openly expressed- “absolute absence cannot be the source of existence”. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5582","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5582,"authors_free":[{"id":6480,"entry_id":5582,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Fevzi Yi\u011fit","free_first_name":"Fevzi","free_last_name":"Yi\u011fit","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"\u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd\u2019\u00fcn Tanr\u0131\u2019ya cevher demesinin neden ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"The reasons for and the consequences of Averroes\u2019 saying essence to God","main_title":{"title":"\u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd\u2019\u00fcn Tanr\u0131\u2019ya cevher demesinin neden ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131"},"abstract":"Bu makalede, \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd\u2019\u00fcn Tanr\u0131\u2019ya cevher demesinin g\u00f6rece neden ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 konu edilmektedir. B\u00f6ylece \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd \u00f6rne\u011finden hareketle, filozoflar\u0131n Tanr\u0131 telakkilerinin asl\u0131nda metafizi\u011fin konusuyla do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6sterilmek istenmektedir. Makalede bilkuvve-bilfiil, cevher-araz, varl\u0131k-m\u00e2hiyet, madde-s\u00fbret ve te\u015fk\u00eek gibi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc felsef\u00ee ayr\u0131mlara ihtiya\u00e7 duyulduk\u00e7a ba\u015fvurulacakt\u0131r. \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd\u2019e g\u00f6re mevcut\/var olan ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 temelde bir cevher ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r. Mevcut kavram\u0131 cevherin \u00fcst\u00fcnde yer alan daha \u00fcst bir varl\u0131k seviyesini temsil etmese de kapsam\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fli\u011fi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden cevherden daha \u00fcst bir kavramd\u0131r. Oysaki \u0130bn S\u00een\u00e2\u2019ya g\u00f6re mevcut, cevherden daha \u00fcst bir varl\u0131k seviyesini kar\u015f\u0131lar ve bu y\u00fczden mevcut ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 sadece cevher ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na hasredilemez. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ona g\u00f6re metafizi\u011fin konusu cevher olmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan cevher de\u011fildir. \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd\u2019\u00fcn Tanr\u0131\u2019ya cevher demesinin muhtemel nedenleri \u015funlard\u0131r: Birincisi, Tanr\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn mevcudat i\u00e7erisinde cevher tan\u0131m\u0131na en uygun oland\u0131r. \u0130kincisi onun mevcut kavram\u0131n\u0131 -di\u011fer anlamlar\u0131n\u0131 ak\u0131lda tutmak kayd\u0131yla- d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyada ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi olmayan zihinsel bir kavram yani cins olarak kabul etmesi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sadece cevhere ger\u00e7eklik tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, g\u00f6ksel cisimlerin sonsuz bir bi\u00e7imde hareket etti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesidir. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc t\u00fcmeller ve ayr\u0131k mevcutlar ile hissedilir ferdi cevherler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiye dair g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd Aristoteles\u2019i takiben t\u00fcmellerin ve idealar\u0131n ferdi cevherlerin varolu\u015funda katk\u0131s\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd\u2019\u00fcn Tanr\u0131\u2019ya cevher demesinin muhtemel sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ysa \u015funlard\u0131r: Birincisi onun din felsefe ili\u015fkisine dair yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Fasl\u00fc\u2019l-mak\u00e2l ve el-Ke\u015ff an men\u00e2hic\u00fc\u2019ledille kitaplar\u0131nda Tanr\u0131 hakk\u0131nda tak\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hanbeli tav\u0131rd\u0131r. \u0130kincisi asl\u0131nda yukar\u0131da sebep olarak zikredilen burada ise sonu\u00e7 olarak dile getirilebilecek d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel bir \u015feydir. Yani g\u00f6k cisimleri ve \u00e2lemi ezeli olarak kabul etmek Tanr\u0131\u2019ya cevher denmesine sebep olurken Tanr\u0131\u2019ya cevher denmesi de \u00e2lemin Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n etkisiyle ancak O\u2019ndan ayr\u0131 ve kopuk olarak mevcut olmas\u0131 fikrini sonu\u00e7 vermektedir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc sud\u00fbr ve yoktan yaratma doktrinlerini reddetmesidir. Yoktan yaratmay\u0131 reddi ise -antik filozoflar\u0131n da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dile getirdi\u011fi \u00fczere- \u201csalt yoklu\u011fun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 olamayaca\u011f\u0131 \u201c\u015feklindeki genel bir ontolojik ilkeye dayanmaktad\u0131r.\r\n \r\nThis article deals with the relative reasons and consequences of Averroes\u2019 saying God the essence. Thus, based on the example of Averroes, it is desired to show that the philosophers\u2019 conception of God is actually directly related to the subject of metaphysics. The distinctions between potential and actual, being-essence and matter-form, which are thought to have strong forms of explanation, will be applied when needed. According to Averroes, his research of being is basically an investigation of essence. Although the concept of being\/existence does not represent a higher level of being above the substance, it takes place in metaphysics as a higher concept with different meanings. However, according to Ibn Avicenna, the existing meets a higher level of being than the substance, and therefore its inquiry cannot be only the one for substance. Therefore, according to him, the subject of metaphysics is not a substance qua substance. In short, the possible reasons for Averroes to call God essence are as follows: First, God is the most suitable for the definition of essence in all existence. The second is that, keeping other meanings of being in mind, he accepted the concept of \u201cmawj\u016bd\u201d as a mental concept that has no reality in the external world, that is, as a genus, and therefore only recognized the substance as reality. The third is the idea that the celestial bodies move endlessly. The fourth is his view on the relationship between universals and discrete entities and tangible individual essences. Following Aristotle, Averroes thinks that universals and ideas do not contribute to the existence of individual essences. The possible consequences of Averroes\u2019 calling God a substance are as follows: The first is his Hanbal\u012b attitude towards God in his books Fasl al-maq\u0101l and al-Kashf an man\u0101hij al-adilla, which he wrote on the relationship between religion and philosophy. Secondly, what was mentioned above as a cause, is a cyclical thing that can be expressed as a result here. In other words, while accepting the celestial bodies and the universe as eternal, causes God to be called essence, calling God essence results in the idea that the universe exists only apart and disconnected from him under the influence of God. The third is his rejection of the doctrines of creation out of nothing and sud\u016br (emanation). The refusal to create out of nothing is based on a general ontological principle -as the ancient philosophers openly expressed- \u201cabsolute absence cannot be the source of existence\u201d.","btype":3,"date":"2021","language":"Turkish","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/20.500.11787\/6522","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":31,"category_name":"Metaphysics","link":"bib?categories[]=Metaphysics"},{"id":47,"category_name":"Relation between Philosophy and Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Relation between Philosophy and Theology"},{"id":19,"category_name":"Cosmology","link":"bib?categories[]=Cosmology"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5582,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Turkish Academic Research Review","volume":"6","issue":"3","pages":"1035-1052"}},"sort":["\u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd\u2019\u00fcn Tanr\u0131\u2019ya cevher demesinin neden ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131"]}